Isihlungi sama-molecule siyinto enezimbobo ezincane kakhulu, ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Sisebenza njengesihlungi sasekhishini, ngaphandle kwesikali sama-molecule, sihlukanisa izingxube zegesi eziqukethe ama-molecule amakhulu. Ama-molecule amancane kunezimbobo kuphela angadlula kuwo; kanti ama-molecule amakhulu ayavinjelwa. Uma ama-molecule ofuna ukuwahlukanisa enobukhulu obufanayo, isihlungi sama-molecule singahlukaniswa nge-polarity. Ama-sieve asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene njengokususa umswakama futhi asiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwemikhiqizo.
Izinhlobo Zezinsingo Zama-Molecular
Izisefo zama-molecule ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene njenge-3A, 4A, 5A kanye ne-13X. Amanani ezinombolo achaza usayizi wembobo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesisefo. Ama-ion e-potassium, i-sodium, kanye ne-calcium ayashintshwa ekwakhiweni ukulawula usayizi wembobo. Kunezinombolo ezahlukene zama-meshes ezisefo ezahlukene. Isisefo sama-molecule esinenani elincane lama-meshes sisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amagesi, kanti esinye esine-meshes eziningi sisetshenziselwa uketshezi. Ezinye izilinganiso ezibalulekile zezisefo zama-molecule zifaka phakathi ifomu (impuphu noma ubhontshisi), ubuningi bobuningi, amazinga e-pH, amazinga okushisa okuvuselelwa (ukusebenza), umswakama, njll.
I-Molecular Sieve vs. I-Silica Gel
Ijeli ye-silica ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-desiccant yokususa umswakama kodwa ihluke kakhulu kusihluzo sama-molecule. Izici ezahlukene ezingacatshangelwa lapho ukhetha phakathi kwalezi zibili izinketho zokuhlanganisa, izinguquko ekucindezelweni, amazinga omswakama, amandla omshini, ububanzi bokushisa, njll. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesihluzo sama-molecule nejeli ye-silica yile:
Izinga lokumuncwa kwesisefo sama-molecule likhulu kunelejeli le-silica. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isisefo siyinto eyomisa ngokushesha.
Isihlungi sama-molecule sisebenza kangcono kunejeli ye-silica emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, njengoba sinesakhiwo esifanayo esibopha amanzi ngokuqinile.
Uma kunomswakama ophansi, amandla esisefo sama-molecule angcono kakhulu kunejeli le-silica.
Isakhiwo sesihlungi sama-molecule sichaziwe futhi sinezimbobo ezifanayo, kuyilapho isakhiwo sejeli le-silica singama-amorphous futhi sinezimbobo eziningi ezingajwayelekile.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Ama-Molecular Sieves
Ukuze kusebenze izisefo zama-molecule, isidingo esiyisisekelo ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukushisa kufanele kube phezulu ngokwanele ukuze i-adsorbate ikwazi ukuhwamuka. Izinga lokushisa lizohluka ngezinto ezifakwe i-adsorbent kanye nohlobo lwe-adsorbent. Ibanga lokushisa elingaguquki elingu-170-315oC (338-600oF) lingadingeka ezinhlotsheni zezisefo okuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambilini. Kokubili izinto ezifakwe i-adsorbent, kanye ne-adsorbent ziyashiswa kuleli zinga lokushisa. Ukomisa nge-vacuum kuyindlela esheshayo yokwenza lokhu futhi kudinga amazinga okushisa aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokomisa ilangabi.
Uma sezivuliwe, izisefo zingagcinwa esitsheni sengilazi esine-parafilm egoqwe kabili. Lokhu kuzozigcina zivuliwe kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuze uhlole ukuthi izisefo ziyasebenza yini, ungazibamba ngesandla sakho ngenkathi ugqoke amagilavu bese ufaka amanzi kuzo. Uma zisebenza ngokuphelele, khona-ke izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kakhulu, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukuzibamba ngisho nalapho ugqoke amagilavu.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imishini yokuphepha efana nama-PPE kit, amagilavu, kanye nezibuko zokuphepha njengoba inqubo yokusebenza kwezisefo zama-molecule ihilela ukubhekana namazinga okushisa aphezulu namakhemikhali, kanye nezingozi ezihambisana nawo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-30-2023
