Ama-desiccant adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuqina ngokumunca umswakama kanye nokulwa nezinkinga ezifana nokugqwala, isikhunta, kanye nokuwohloka okubangelwa umswakama. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka kabanzi ama-desiccant amabili adumile - i-alumina esebenzayo kanye ne-silica gel, sihlola izici zawo ezihlukile, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo.
I-alumina esebenzayo iwuhlobo lwe-aluminium oxide olunezimbobo eziningi olwaziwa ngezakhiwo zalo ezihlukile zokumunca. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kokomisa kwezimboni ngenxa yekhono layo lokususa umswakama emoyeni nasemagesi. Indawo yayo enkulu kanye nokumunca okuphezulu kwenza kube yi-desiccant ephumelelayo yokugcina ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ebucayi njengemithi, izinto zikagesi kanye namakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, omunye wemikhawulo ye-alumina esebenzayo ukuthi ingakhipha ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokumunca, okungenzeka kungafaneleki kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ijeli ye-silica iyi-desiccant yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-silicon dioxide. Yaziwa ngendawo yayo ephezulu kanye nokusondelana kwayo okukhulu nama-molecule amanzi, okwenza ibe yisithambisi somswakama esisebenzayo. Ijeli ye-silica ivame ukutholakala emaphaketheni angaphakathi kwephakheji yomkhiqizo ukugcina izimpahla zomile futhi zingenawo umonakalo womswakama. Iphinde isetshenziswe ukuvikela amadivayisi kagesi, amakhamera, kanye nezimpahla zesikhumba ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthuthwa. Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo kahle, ijeli ye-silica inamandla okumunca alinganiselwe futhi kungadingeka ukuthi ishintshwe noma ivuselelwe njalo.
Kokubili i-alumina esebenzayo kanye ne-silica gel zinamandla kanye nobuthakathaka bazo uma kukhulunywa ngokumuncwa komswakama. Nakuba i-alumina esebenzayo ifaneleka kakhulu ekomiseni kwezimboni kanye nasekusetshenzisweni okukhulu, i-silica gel ifaneleka kangcono emikhiqizweni emincane, ebucayi. Ukuqonda izici ezihlukile zalezi zi-desiccant kubalulekile ekukhetheni efanele ezinkingeni ezithile ezihlobene nomswakama.
Ngaphezu kwezici zazo ezihlukile, womabili ama-desiccant anezindlela ezihlukene zokumuncwa komswakama. I-alumina esebenzayo isebenza ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-physisorption, lapho ama-molecule amanzi emuncwa khona ngokomzimba phezu kwe-desiccant. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-silica gel isebenzisa inhlanganisela yokumuncwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuminyana kwe-capillary ukuze ibambe umswakama ngaphakathi kwezimbobo zayo. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwama-desiccant ezisetshenzisweni ezahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-desiccant asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. I-alumina esebenzayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ekomiseni umoya ocindezelwe kanye namagesi, kanye nasekuhlanzweni koketshezi olufana ne-propane ne-butane. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekomiseni izinyibilikisi kanye nasekususeni ukungcola okuvela kugesi yemvelo. Ijeli ye-silica, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuvikeleni imishini kagesi ebucayi, ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala nokugqwala ezibhamini, kanye nasekulondolozeni imibhalo ebalulekile kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko.
Ekuphetheni, zombili izithasiselo ze-alumina ezisebenzayo kanye ne-silica gel desiccant zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuqina ngokulwa nezinkinga ezihlobene nomswakama. I-desiccant ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo, okwenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Ukuqonda izakhiwo, izindlela zokufakwa komswakama, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zithasiselo kubalulekile ekuzisebenziseni ngempumelelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukomisa ezimbonini noma ukuvikela izinto zikagesi, i-desiccant efanele ingenza umehluko omkhulu ekugcineni ubuqotho bomkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-07-2024
