Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komthamo wokucwengisiswa komhlaba wonke, izindinganiso zomkhiqizo kawoyela eziqinile, kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa kwezisusa zokucwenga kube kumkhuba wokukhula okuqhubekayo. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhula okusheshayo kukwezomnotho emisha nasemazweni asathuthuka.
Ngenxa yezinto ezingahluziwe ezihlukene, imikhiqizo kanye nezakhiwo zemishini yendawo yokuhluza ngayinye, ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-catalyst aqondiswe kakhulu ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo ofanele noma izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ukukhethwa kwama-catalyst anokuguquguquka okungcono noma ukukhetha kungaxazulula izinkinga ezibalulekile zezindawo zokucwenga ezahlukahlukene futhi amadivaysi ahlukene.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, e-Asia Pacific, e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, inani elisetshenziswayo kanye nezinga lokukhula kwazo zonke izinto ezikhuthazayo, okuhlanganisa ukucwengwa, i-polymerization, ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, njll. kuphezulu kunezifunda ezithuthukisiwe eYurophu nase-United States.
Esikhathini esizayo, ukwanda kwe-petroli hydrogenation kuzoba okukhulu kakhulu, kulandelwa i-distillate hydrogenation ephakathi, i-FCC, i-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-naphtha hydrogenation, i-heavy oil (amafutha asele) i-hydrogenation, i-alkylation (i-superposition), i-reforming, njll, kanye nokuhambisanayo Isidingo se-catalyst sizokhuphuka ngokufanayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemijikelezo ehlukene yokusetshenziswa kwezisusa ezihlukahlukene zokucwenga uwoyela, inani lama-catalysts okucwengwa kukawoyela alikwazi ukwanda ngokunwetshwa kwamandla. Ngokwezibalo zokuthengisa ezimakethe, ukuthengiswa kakhulu ama-hydrogenation catalysts (i-hydrotreating ne-hydrocracking, ebalelwa ku-46% wesamba), kulandelwa ama-catalysts e-FCC (40%), alandelwe ama-catalysts ashintshayo (8%), ama-alkylation catalysts (5%). nabanye (1%).
Nazi izici eziyinhloko zama-catalyst ezivela ezinkampanini ezimbalwa ezidumile emhlabeni jikelele:
Izinkampani eziyi-10 ezaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele ezisiza umphakathi
1. UGrace Davison, e-USA
IGrace Corporation yasungulwa ngo-1854 futhi ikomkhulu layo lihlala e-Columbia, eMaryland. UGrace Davidson ungumholi womhlaba ocwaningweni nasekukhiqizweni kwama-catalysts e-FCC futhi ungumphakeli omkhulu emhlabeni wonke we-FCC kanye nama-hydrogenation catalysts.
Le nkampani inamayunithi amabili asebenza emhlabeni wonke, uGrace Davison kanye noGrace Specialty Chemicals, kanye nezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zemikhiqizo. Ibhizinisi likaGrace Davidson lihlanganisa ama-FCC catalysts, ama-hydrotreating catalysts, ama-catalysts akhethekile afaka ama-polyolefin catalysts nabathwali be-catalyst, kanye nezinto zobunjiniyela ezisekelwe ku-silicon-based noma i-silical-aluminium-based engineering yezingubo zemidiya yedijithali emaphepheni okuphrinta ezimboni, abathengi, kanye ne-inkjet. Ibhizinisi le-hydrotreating catalyst liqhutshwa yi-ART, inkampani ehlangene.
2, Albemarle American specialty chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
Ngo-1887, i-Arbel Paper Company yasungulwa eRichmond, eVirginia.
Ngo-2004, kwatholwa ibhizinisi le-Akzo-Nobel Oil refining catalyst, langena ngokusemthethweni emkhakheni wezinto zokucwenga uwoyela, futhi lakha iyunithi yebhizinisi elikhuthazayo elinama-polyolefin catalysts; Iba umkhiqizi wesibili omkhulu we-FCC emhlabeni.
Njengamanje, inezitshalo zokukhiqiza ezingaphezu kuka-20 eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNingizimu Melika, eJapane naseChina.
I-Arpels inezikhungo ze-R&D eziyi-8 emazweni ayi-5 namahhovisi okuthengisa emazweni angaphezu kwama-40. Ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wama-brominated flame retardants, ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, izinto zikagesi, ezemithi, imikhiqizo yezolimo, imboni yezimoto, ezokwakha kanye nezinto zokupakisha.
Ibhizinisi eliyinhloko lihlanganisa izithasiselo ze-polymer, ama-catalyst kanye ne-chemistry emihle izingxenye ezintathu.
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezithasiselo ze-polymer: ama-flame retardants, ama-antioxidants, ama-ejenti okwelapha kanye nama-stabilizers;
Ibhizinisi le-Catalyst linezingxenye ezintathu: i-catalyst yokucwenga, i-polyolefin catalyst, i-chemical catalyst;
Amakhemikhali Amahle Ukubunjwa kwebhizinisi: amakhemikhali asebenzayo (opende, i-alumina), amakhemikhali amahle (amakhemikhali e-bromine, amakhemikhali e-oilfield) kanye nezimaphakathi (imithi, izibulala-zinambuzane).
Phakathi kwezingxenye ezintathu zebhizinisi zenkampani i-Alpels, imali etholwayo yokuthengisa yonyaka yezithasiselo ze-polymer yayivame ukuba enkulu kunazo zonke, ilandelwa yizisusa, futhi imali yokuthengisa yamakhemikhali amahle yayincane, kodwa eminyakeni emibili edlule, imali yokuthengisa yonyaka ye-catalyst. ibhizinisi liye landa kancane kancane, futhi kusukela ngo-2008, liye ladlula ibhizinisi le-polymer additives.
Ibhizinisi le-Catalyst liyingxenye yebhizinisi eyinhloko ye-Arpell. I-Arpels ingumhlinzeki wesibili omkhulu emhlabeni wama-hydrotreating catalysts (30% wesheya yemakethe yomhlaba) futhi ingomunye wabahlinzeki abathathu abahamba phambili abadayisi be-catalytic cracking emhlabeni.
3. Amakhemikhali e-Dow
I-Dow Chemical yinkampani yamakhemikhali ehlukahlukene enekomkhulu eMichigan, e-USA, eyasungulwa ngo-1897 nguHerbert Henry Dow. Isebenzisa izisekelo zokukhiqiza ezingama-214 emazweni angama-37, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-5,000 zemikhiqizo, esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni engaphezu kwe-10 njengezimoto, izinto zokwakha, ugesi, nemithi. Ngo-2009, i-Dow yakleliswa endaweni ye-127 ku-Fortune Global 500 kanye ne-34 ku-Fortune National 500. Mayelana nempahla ephelele, iyinkampani yamakhemikhali yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ilandela i-DuPont Chemical yase-United States; Mayelana nemali engenayo yonyaka, futhi iyinkampani yamakhemikhali yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ilandela i-BASF yaseJalimane; Abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-46,000 emhlabeni jikelele; Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba zebhizinisi eziyi-7 ngohlobo lomkhiqizo: Ipulasitiki Esebenzayo, Amakhemikhali Asebenzayo, Isayensi Yezolimo, Ipulasitiki, Amakhemikhali Ayisisekelo, Ama-Hydrocarbon kanye Namandla, I-Venture Capital. Ibhizinisi le-Catalysts liyingxenye yengxenye ye-Functional Chemicals.
Ama-catalyst e-Dow ahlanganisa: I-NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; I-METEOR™ i-catalyst ye-ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; I-SHAC™ kanye ne-SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts; I-DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol I-catalyst; Ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wama-polypropylene catalysts.
4. ExxonMobil
I-Exxonmobil yinkampani kawoyela enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enekomkhulu eTexas, e-USA. Inkampani, eyayaziwa nge-Exxon Corporation kanye ne-Mobil Corporation, yahlanganiswa futhi yahlelwa kabusha ngoNovemba 30, 1999. Le nkampani futhi iyinkampani engumzali ye-ExxonMobil, Mobil kanye ne-Esso emhlabeni jikelele.
Yasungulwa ngo-1882, i-Exxon iyinkampani kawoyela enkulu kunazo zonke e-United States futhi ingenye yezinkampani zikawoyela eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu nezindala emhlabeni. Yasungulwa ngo-1882, i-Mobil Corporation iyinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ephelele ehlanganisa ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa, ukucwenga kanye nemboni ye-petrochemical.
I-Exxon ne-Mobil zinendlunkulu ekhuphuka nomfula e-Houston, indlunkulu esezansi nomfula e-Fairfax, kanye nendlunkulu yebhizinisi e-Irving, eTexas. I-Exxon iphethe u-70% wenkampani kanti i-Mobil ingumnikazi wama-30%. I-Exxonmobil, ngokusebenzisa izinhlaka zayo, njengamanje isebenza emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaba ngu-200 emhlabeni jikelele futhi iqashe abantu abangaphezu kuka-80,000.
Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-Exxonmobil ihlanganisa uwoyela negesi, imikhiqizo kawoyela nemikhiqizo ye-petrochemical, ingumkhiqizi we-olefins monomer kanye ne-polyolefin omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa i-ethylene, i-propylene, i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene; Ibhizinisi lama-catalyst liphethwe yi-ExxonMobil Chemical. I-Exxonmobil Chemical ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine zebhizinisi: ama-polymer, amafilimu e-polymer, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nobuchwepheshe, futhi ama-catalysts ayingxenye yezobuchwepheshe.
I-UNIVATION, ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe lama-50-50 phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil ne-Dow Chemical Company, iphethe ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ye-UNIPOL™ kanye ne-UCAT™ kanye ne-XCAT™ enegama le-polyolefin catalysts.
5. Inkampani ye-UOP Global Oil Products
Yasungulwa ngo-1914 futhi izinze e-Desprine, Illinois, I-Global Oil Products yinkampani yomhlaba wonke. Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNovemba, 2005, i-UOP yaba inkampani ephethwe ngokugcwele ye-Honeywell njengengxenye yebhizinisi lesu le-Honeywell's Specialty Materials.
I-UOP isebenza ngezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili: amandla avuselelekayo Namakhemikhali, ama-adsorbents, okukhethekile nemikhiqizo yangokwezifiso, ukucwenga kwe-petroleum, i-Aromatics nokuphuma kokuphuma, i-alkyl benzene eqondile nama-olefin athuthukisiwe, ama-olefin alula namathuluzi, ukucutshungulwa kwegesi yemvelo, kanye nezinsizakalo.
I-UOP ihlinzeka ngedizayini, ubunjiniyela, izinsizakalo zokubonisana, ukunikwa kwelayisensi kanye nezinsizakalo, ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezisusa, izisefo zamangqamuzana, ama-adsorbent kanye nemishini ekhethekile yezimboni zokuhluza uphethiloli, i-petrochemical kanye negesi yemvelo, enamalayisense obuchwepheshe angama-65 atholakalayo.
I-UOP ingumphakeli omkhulu emhlabeni we-zeolite ne-aluminium phosphate zeolite enemikhiqizo ye-zeolite engaphezu kwe-150 yokukhipha amanzi, isuse ukungcola komkhondo kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo yegesi yokuhluza nezinto eziwuketshezi. Umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza wesihlungo samangqamuzana ufinyelela amathani angama-70,000. Emkhakheni wezikhangisi ze-molecular sieve, i-UOP iphethe u-70% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba.
I-UOP futhi ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-alumina emhlabeni, enemikhiqizo ehlanganisa i-pseudo-alumina, i-beta-alumina, i-gamma-alumina ne-α-alumina, ehlinzeka nge-alumina evuliwe kanye ne-aluminium/silica-aluminium yezinkampani ze-spherical carriers.
I-UOP inamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kuka-9,000 emhlabeni wonke futhi yakhe amadivayisi acishe abe ngu-4,000 isebenzisa amalungelo awo obunikazi emazweni angaphezu kuka-80. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha kaphethiloli womhlaba akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UOP. Cishe ingxenye yezinto zokuhlanza ezibolayo emhlabeni zikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-UOP. Ezinqubweni ezinkulu zokucwenga ezingama-36 ezisetshenziswa embonini kawoyela njengamanje, ezingama-31 zathuthukiswa yi-UOP. Njengamanje, i-UOP ikhiqiza cishe imikhiqizo eyi-100 ehlukene ye-catalyst kanye ne-adsorbent yobuchwepheshe bayo obunelayisense nezinye izinkampani, ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni yokucwenga efana ne-reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining kanye ne-oxidative desulphurization, kanye nasezindaweni ze-petrochemical kuhlanganise nokukhiqizwa kwama-aromatics. (benzene, toluene nexylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene kanye ne-cyclohexane.
Ama-catalyst amakhulu e-UOP afaka: i-catalyst reforming catalyst, i-C4 isomerization catalyst, i-C5 ne-C6 isomerization catalyst, i-xylene isomerization catalyst, i-hydrocracking catalyst inezinhlobo ezimbili ze-hydrocracking kanye ne-mild hydrocracking, i-hydrotreating catalyst, i-hydrotreating catalyst, i-oil desulfurization conifers, i-oyela desulfurization yokubuyisela kabusha ukuhlanza ama-adsorbents.
6, Inkampani ye-ART American advanced refining technology
I-Advanced Refining Technologies yasungulwa ngo-2001 njengebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe le-50-50 phakathi kwe-Chevron Oil Products kanye noGrace-Davidson. I-ART yasungulwa ukuze ihlanganise amandla ezobuchwepheshe e-Grace kanye ne-Chevron ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kudayiswe ama-catalyst e-hydrogenation embonini yokucwenga yomhlaba wonke, futhi ingumkhiqizi we-hydrogenation catalyst omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ehlinzeka ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-50% we-hydrogenation catalysts emhlabeni.
I-ART ixhuma imikhiqizo namasevisi ayo ngeminyango yokuthengisa namahhovisi e-Grace Corporation kanye ne-Chevron Corporation emhlabeni wonke.
I-ART inezitshalo ezine zokukhiqiza ama-catalyst kanye nesikhungo esisodwa socwaningo esiyi-catalyst. I-ART yenza ama-catalysts e-hydrocracking, i-hydrocracking ethambile, i-isomerization dewaxing, i-isomerization reforming kanye ne-hydrofining.
Ama-catalyst amakhulu afaka i-Isocracking® ye-isomerization, i-Isofinishing® ye-isomerization, i-hydrocracking, i-hydrocracking emnene, i-hydrofining, i-hydrotreating, i-hydrotreating esele.
7. I-Univation Inc
I-Univation, eyasungulwa ngo-1997 futhi izinze e-Houston, eTexas, iyibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe elingu-50:50 phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil Chemical Company kanye ne-Dow Chemical Company.
I-Univation igxile kakhulu ekudlulisweni kobuchwepheshe be-polyethylene evuthayo ye-UNIPOL™ kanye nama-catalysts, futhi ingumnikezeli welayisense yobuchwepheshe ohamba phambili emhlabeni kanye nomnikezeli womhlaba wonke wama-catalysts embonini ye-polyethylene. Ingowesibili emhlabeni umkhiqizi nomphakeli wama-catalysts e-polyethylene, ebalwa ku-30% wemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ama-catalysts ale nkampani akhiqizwa ezindaweni zayo e-Mont Belvieu, Seadrift naseFreeport eTexas.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ye-Univation, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-UNIPOL™, okwamanje inemigqa yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene engaphezu kwe-100 esebenzayo noma esakhiwayo kusetshenziswa i-UNIPOL™ emazweni angama-25, ebalwa ngaphezu kuka-25% wengqikithi yomhlaba.
Ama-catalyst amakhulu yilawa: 1)I-UCAT™ chromium catalyst kanye ne-Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, igama lohwebo EXXPOL; 3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) I-UT™ i-deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
Ikomkhulu layo eliseMunich, eJalimane, iBASF ingenye yezinkampani zamakhemikhali ezididiyelwe ezinkulu emhlabeni ezinemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-8,000, okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali anenani eliphakeme, amapulasitiki, odayi, izinto zokumboza izimoto, ama-agent okuvikela izitshalo, imithi, amakhemikhali amahle, uwoyela negesi.
I-Basf ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni we-maleic anhydride, i-acrylic acid, i-aniline, i-caprolactam kanye ne-styrene enegwebu. I-polypropylene, i-polystyrene, i-hydroxyl alcohol neminye imikhiqizo ikleliswe endaweni yesibili emhlabeni; I-Ethylbenzene, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-styrene usendaweni yesithathu emhlabeni. I-Basf ingomunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu bomhlaba bezithasiselo zokudla, okuhlanganisa amavithamini e-mono, amavithamini amaningi, ama-carotenoid, ama-lysine, ama-enzyme kanye nezivimbelakuvunda zokudla.
I-Basf inamayunithi ebhizinisi ayisithupha ahlukene: Amakhemikhali, Ipulasitiki, Izixazululo Ezisebenzayo, Imikhiqizo Esebenzayo, Amakhemikhali Ezolimo kanye Nowoyela Negesi.
I-Basf ukuphela kwenkampani emhlabeni ehlanganisa lonke ibhizinisi elikhuthazayo, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zama-catalyst. Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi: i-catalyst yokucwenga uwoyela (i-FCC catalyst), i-catalyst yezimoto, i-catalyst yamakhemikhali (i-copper chromium catalyst kanye ne-ruthenium catalyst, njll.), i-catalyst yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-oxidation dehydrogenation catalyst kanye ne-dehydrogenation purification catalyst.
I-Basf ingeyesibili emhlabeni ngokukhiqiza ama-catalysts e-FCC, cishe cishe u-12% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke sokucwenga ama-catalyst.
9. I-BP British Oil Company
I-BP ingenye yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezididiyelwe ezihlanganisa uwoyela enhla nezansi, inhloko yayo iseLondon, e-UK; Ibhizinisi lale nkampani lihlanganisa amazwe nezifunda ezingaphezu kwe-100, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi, ukucwengwa nokudayiswa, amandla avuselelekayo ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko; I-BP ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu zebhizinisi: Ukuhlola Nokukhiqiza Uwoyela Negesi, Ukucwenga Nokumaketha, namanye amabhizinisi (amandla avuselelekayo kanye Nezasolwandle). Ibhizinisi le-BP's catalysts liyingxenye yoPhiko Lokucwenga Nokumaketha.
Imikhiqizo ye-Petrochemical ihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili, isigaba sokuqala yimikhiqizo yochungechunge olumnandi ne-acetic, ikakhulukazi i-PTA, i-PX ne-acetic acid; Isigaba sesibili ama-olefin kanye nokuphuma kwawo, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa i-ethylene, i-propylene kanye nemikhiqizo ephuma ngaphansi komfula. I-PTA ye-BP(impahla eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-polyester), i-PX(impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-PTA) kanye namandla okukhiqiza i-acetic acid ikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni. I-BP isungule ubuchwepheshe bobunikazi bokukhiqiza kwe-PX ngokusekelwe ku-catalyst yayo yokuphathelene ne-isomerization kanye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bekristali. I-BP inobuchwepheshe obuphambili obunelungelo lobunikazi bokukhiqiza i-Cativa® acetic acid.
Ibhizinisi le-BP's olefins and derivatives litholakala ikakhulukazi eChina naseMalaysia.
10, iSud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
Yasungulwa ngo-1857, i-Southern Chemical Company iyinkampani efakwe ohlwini lwamakhemikhali akhethekile yamazwe ngamazwe enomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwe-150, ikomkhulu layo eMunich, eJalimane.
I-Nanfang Chemical Company ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ingumnikazi wezinkampani ezingaphansi kwe-77, kuhlanganise nezinkampani ezifuywayo ezi-5 eJalimane, izinkampani zangaphandle ze-72, ngokulandelanayo ziyingxenye ye-adsorbent kanye ne-catalyst izigaba ezimbili, ze-petrochemical, processing food, impahla yabathengi, ukuphonsa, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinye izimboni ukuhlinzeka high-performance catalyst, adsorbent kanye nemikhiqizo izithasiselo nezisombululo.
Ibhizinisi elikhuthazayo leNanfang Chemical Company liyingxenye ye-catalyst Division. Lolu phiko luqukethe i-Catalyst Technology, Energy and Environment.
Uphiko lwe-Catalyst Technology luhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane amabhizinisi omhlaba: ama-chemical reaction catalysts, ama-petrochemical catalysts, ama-catalyst okucwenga uwoyela kanye nama-polymerization catalysts.
Izinhlobo ezikhuthazayo zeNanfang Chemical ikakhulukazi zifaka: I-catalyst yokuhlanza impahla eluhlaza, i-petrolii-chemical catalyst, i-chemical catalyst, i-catalyst yokucwenga uwoyela, i-olefin polymerization catalyst, i-air purification catalyst, i-fuel cell catalyst.
Qaphela: Okwamanje, i-Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie) itholwe ngabakwa-Clariant!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2023
