Ocwaningweni olusha, abacwaningi baye bahlola ukusebenza kahle kwezimpushana ze-molecular sieve endaweni yokucindezelwa kwentuthu. Uphenyo lugxile ohlotsheni lwezisefo zamangqamuzana, okuhlanganisa i-3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, kanye ne-MCM-41-Si, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlonza amandla azo ekwehliseni ukungcola okuyingozi phakathi nezinqubo zezimboni.
Ukucindezelwa kwe-Fume kuyinkinga ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya ukusebenza okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengokusebenza kwensimbi, ukushisela, nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. Ukukhishwa kwentuthu kungaba yingozi enkulu yezempilo kubasebenzi futhi kube nomthelela ekungcolisweni kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sezindlela zokucindezela ezisebenzayo asikaze sicindezele kakhulu.
Izisefo zamamolekyuli ziyizinto ezicwebezelayo ezinosayizi obufanayo bezimbotshana ezingakhanga ngokukhetha ama-molecule ngokuya ngosayizi nokuma kwawo. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sibenza babe abantu abafanelekile bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwegesi, i-catalysis, futhi, njengoba lolu cwaningo luphakamisa, ukucindezelwa kwentuthu. Abacwaningi bafuna ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezimpushana zesisefo zamangqamuzana ahlukene ekubambeni nasekunciphiseni intuthu eyingozi.
Ucwaningo lwaqala ngokubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezakhiwo ze-sieve ye-molecular ekhethiwe. Izisefo ze-3A ne-5A, ezaziwa ngekhono lazo lokukhangisa ama-molecule amancane, zahlolwa eduze nezisefo ezimbotshana ezinkulu, njenge-10X kanye ne-13X, ekwazi ukumumatha ama-molecule egesi amakhulu. Isisefo se-NaY, uhlobo lwe-zeolite, saphinde safakwa ngenxa yendawo yayo ephezulu kanye nekhono lokushintshanisa nge-ion. Ukwengeza, okuhlukile kwe-MCM-41, i-MCM-41-Al kanye ne-MCM-41-Si, zikhethelwe izakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ze-mesoporous, ezinikeza indlela ehlukile yokukhangisa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-zeolite endabuko.
Isigaba sokuhlola sasihilela ukubeka izimpushana zesisefo samangqamuzana ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza umusi, ezilingisa izimo ezivame ukutholakala kuzilungiselelo zezimboni. Abacwaningi balinganise ukusebenza kahle kwesisefo ngasinye ekuthwebuleni intuthu, izinto zokuhlaziya ezifana nomthamo we-adsorption, izinga lokuthwebula intuthu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kukonke ekwehliseni ukugxila emoyeni kwezinto eziyingozi.
Imiphumela yokuqala ibonise ukuthi ukusebenza kwezisefo zamangqamuzana kwahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni kwazo. Izisefo ze-3A ne-5A zibonise amandla amangalisayo ekukhangiseni izinhlayiya zentuthu ezincane, okuzenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa lapho i-fine particulate iyinkinga. Ngokuphambene, izisefo ezimbotshana ezinkudlwana, ikakhulukazi i-10X kanye ne-13X, ziphumelele ekuthwebuleni ama-molecule egesi amakhulu, okuphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okungaba khona ezinqubweni ezikhiqiza umusi osindayo.
Isisefo se-NaY sibonise izici eziphawulekayo zokushintshanisa i-ion, ezingagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo kokuthwebula intuthu kodwa futhi zavumela ukuncishiswa kwezinhlanganisela ezithile ezinobuthi. Lesi sici sibeka uNaY njengekhandidethi elithembisayo lezimboni ezibhekene nezinto eziyingozi, lapho kokubili ukucindezelwa kwentuthu kanye nokuncishiswa kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile.
I-MCM-41-Al ne-MCM-41-Si, nezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ze-mesoporous, zinikeze indlela ehlukile yokucindezela umusi. Indawo yazo ephezulu kanye nosayizi wezimbotshana ezifundekayo ezivumeleke ukukhethwa kwezingxenye ezithile zomusi, okuzenza zibe izinketho eziguquguqukayo zamasu okulawula umusi. Ucwaningo lwagqamisa amandla alezi zinto zokwakha ekuthuthukiseni amasistimu okuhlunga athuthukile akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zezimboni ezihlukahlukene.
Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, ithimba liphinde lahlola amandla okuvuselela amasefa amangqamuzana. Ikhono lokubuyisela amandla okukhangisa ezisefo ngemva kokusetshenziswa libalulekile ekusebenzeni kwazo okungokoqobo kuzilungiselelo zezimboni. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izisefo eziningi ezihloliwe zingavuselelwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokwelashwa okushisayo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokusebenza.
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo idlulela ngale kokucindezelwa kwentuthu nje. Ngokuhlonza kanye nokwenza kahle ukusetshenziswa kwezimpushana zesisefo samangqamuzana, izimboni zinganciphisa kakhulu indawo yazo ezungezile futhi zithuthukise ukuphepha emsebenzini. Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezinhlelweni ezikhona zokulawula intuthu kungaholela emikhubeni esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi esimeme.
Sengiphetha, lolu cwaningo olusha lunikeza ukukhanya kwamandla empushana yesisefo yamangqamuzana njengama-ejenti asebenzayo okucindezela umusi. Ngezakhiwo namandla azo ahlukile, izisefo ezifana ne-3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, kanye ne-MCM-41-Si zinikeza izixazululo ezithembisayo ezinseleleni ezilethwa ukungcola okuyingozi ezinqubweni zezimboni. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokufuna izinqubo zokusebenza ezisimeme neziphephile, imininingwane ezuzwe kulolu cwaningo ingase ivule indlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulawula umusi obubeka kuqala kokubili ezempilo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezemfundo nezimboni kuzobaluleka ukuze kuhumusheke lezi zinto ezitholakele zibe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, ekugcineni kube nesandla esimweni sezimboni esihlanzekile nesiphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2024
